To make a diesel engine which could simultaneously obey the US emissions standards AND compete with the US car industry?
There are places in the world where doing this kind of thing will blow over, can be bought out or simply brushed under the carpet. In the US this is highly unlikely to happen. This is a deliberate attempt to pervert US environmental legislation for monetary gain. In those circumstances the US legal system is going to be pressing for criminal charges and also fines to the limit of the law.
I assume that Directors are going to be charged, the projected fines of $18 Billion will only be the tip of the iceberg when other claims start to roll in and future business could be damaged beyond repair. Nitrogen Oxide emissions (the one's which the systems were used to hide), have been linked to serious numbers of deaths in the US.
The US is a place where they expect someone or multiple someone's to be responsible for the actions they take.
VAG may take decades to recover from this. Or they may never recover from it.
I've said for years now that the EU bends over backwards for German businesses in order to create a German powerhouse economy to drive the EU. Actions which might be overlooked by the EU, or at worst earn a smacked wrist and a small fine, are not going to be viewed that way in the US.
I shall be an interested spectator on this one. It's a something to take my mind off other happenings right now.
As they saying goes. Power corrupts....................