Or a pattern of behaviour?
I must admit I have read the press on this fairly middle depth. What concerns me is what is being said against what is being done. For instance VW is claiming that the defeat devices did not have any impact on the Euro pollution tests. Yet, VW is updating software on the 2.0l engines and Replacing software AND Injectors on the 1.6l engines.
Let's take a step back here. If WV are having to make physical mechanical changes (injectors are critical to performance and emissions on Diesel engines), then the short version is that they are lying. The only possible reason for changing the injectors is that when the software is removed the engines will significantly emit more NOx on the tests.
So, VW, now we know. It is a pattern of behaviour which has degrees of application. As the US is finding, the attempt to hide rather than engineer out emissions is endemic throughout the VW line.
That means VW Diesel technology is sub standard, not, in fact, advanced as they would have us believe. There is Diesel technology which can meet the emissions targets. It gets harder every year but it can be done. Apparently VW doesn't want to do it....