It is an
interesting story Cromwell. In short the quest for ever increased MPG from a petrol engine. Diesel has slightly less calorific value, at the same density, than Petrol. However Diesel is more dense than petrol per litre and therefore produces about 15% more energy when burned.
Due to emissions issues with Diesel engines, manufacturers have been trying to get more and more power from the same petrol, using aggressive turbo strategies and very lean burn with Gasoline Direction Injection. G-DI is very much like Diesel where the petrol is injected direct into the cylinder after the exhaust valve has shut, removing any chance that fuel will be pushed out into the exhaust as is common in carburettor or port fuel injected methods where the fuel air mix is sucked in from the inlet manifold.
The article states:
G-DI vehicles are found to exhibit diesel like behaviour [35], emitting high concentrations of
particles over the whole test cycle. In the case of lean G-DI vehicles a significant increase in
particle emission levels is observed whenever the engine switches to stratified mode [15,35].
240 s operation in lean mode can lead to a threefold increase of the particle number emissions
over the NEDC
In short, G-DI vehicles, without a particulate filter, emit more particles than DPF diesels and breech the Euro6 regulations which are being designed to reduce both Nitrogen Dioxide and Particulate matter. Elsewhere in the article it talks about how traditional catalytic converters cannot cope with G-DI vehicles because the very lean burn leaves too much oxygen left over which is a problem for classic CATs.
We are in a cycle where the ever increasing regulations to decrease emissions, allied to the ever increasing cost of fuel, is leading to ever more complicated engine management systems and emission control systems.
Burning fuel creates gasses and particulates. Just take some petrol and put it in a glass dish and burn it. You will be left with soot. That soot is particulate matter. The fact that Diesel has more is an issue, but no hydrocarbon vehicle fuel has none. That is the Carbon bit of hydrocarbon.
The answer would seem to be simple. Let's all go electric. Except we burn hydrocarbons for half our electric and we only have enough for what we need. Hydrogen then, that's got to be clean, has it not. Oh yes, but we use catalysed electrolysis to produce Hydrogen. To get the electrical power for which; we burn hydrocarbons..